description: Use redirection to keep your application user friendly.

Redirecting Users

When a user submits a form, you do not want to show any content on the page that handles the form submission! Why? Because if you do, and the user hits refresh in their browser, the form handling code could be triggered again, possibly causing duplicate entries in your database, multiple emails being sent, etc.

Remember to Redirect

To avoid the above problem, it is recommended to always redirect the user after submitting a form. In Wheels this is done with the redirectTo() function. It is basically a wrapper around the cflocation tag in CFML.

Being that redirectTo() is a Wheels function, it can accept the route, controller, action, and key arguments so that you can easily redirect
to other actions in your application.

Three Ways to Redirect

Let's look at the three ways you can redirect in Wheels.

1. Redirecting to Another Action

You can redirect the user to another action in your application simply by passing in the controller, action, and key arguments. You can also pass in any other arguments that are accepted by the URLFor() function, like host, params, etc. (The URLFor() function is what Wheels uses internally to produce the URL to redirect to.)

2. Redirection Using Routes

If you have configured any routes in /config/routes.cfm, you can use them when redirecting as well. Just pass in the route's name to the route argument together with any additional arguments needed for the route in question. You can read more about routing in the Routing chapter.

3. Redirecting to the Referring URL

It's very common that all you want to do when a user submits a form is send them back to where they came from. (Think of a user posting a comment on a blog post and then being redirected back to view the post with their new comment visible as well.) For this, we have the back argument. Simply pass in back=true to redirectTo(), and the user will be redirected back to the page they came from.

Handling an Invalid Referrer

The referring URL is retrieved from the cgi.http_referer value. If this value is blank or comes from a different domain than the current one, Wheels will redirect the visitor to the root of your website instead.

If you want to specify exactly where to send the visitor when the referring domain is blank/foreign, you can pass in the normal URLFor() arguments like route, controller, action, etc. These will be used only when Wheels can't redirect to the referrer because it's invalid.

Appending Params

Sometimes it's useful to be able to send the visitor back to the same URL they came from but with extra parameters added to it. You can do this by using the params argument. Note that Wheels will append to the URL and not replace it in this case.

The addToken and statusCode Arguments

The redirectTo() function uses <cflocation> under the hood; if you need to pass client variable information automatically in the URL for client management purposes, simply set addToken=true.

You can also set the type of redirect to something other than the default 302 redirect, by passing in statusCode=3xx. For example, 301 indicates a permanent redirect.